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LEARNING DOS FOR THE COMPLETE NOVICE, 2nd Edition
copyright 1993 by Steven Woas
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I Introduction
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
What is DOS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
What does DOS do?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Assumptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Part II Groundwork
How to Read this Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Special Keyboard Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Special Key Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Introductory Computer Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Questions and Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Part III DOS Basics
Starting DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Getting Out of a Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Setting the Date and Time. . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Your DOS Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Clearing the Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Changing to a Different Drive. . . . . . . . . . 30
Turning the Computer Off . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Diskettes and Write Protection . . . . . . . . . 32
5¼" Disks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3½" Disks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Displaying a Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Making Sense of a Directory Listing. . . . . . . 38
Extensions--The Key to Computing Success . . . . 39
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Viewing Text Files on the Screen . . . . . . . . . . 46
Using the DOS TYPE Command . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Use EDIT with DOS 5 or Later . . . . . . . . . . 48
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Printing Text Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Printing Graphic Screens
With DOS 3.3 and Earlier . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
With DOS 4.0 and Later . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
The CHKDSK Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
The MEM Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Formatting Diskettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Formatting Commands with
DOS 4.0 and Later. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
The Unconditional Format . . . . . . . . 63
The Quick Format Command . . . . . . . . 63
The Unformat Command . . . . . . . . . . 64
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Formatting a Disk with the System on it. . . . . 67
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Copying
Copying a Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Copying a File with only One Floppy Drive. . . . 74
Copying a File Between Two Floppy Drives . . . . 75
Copying Files Using Wildcards. . . . . . . . . . 77
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Copying a 5¼" Disk to a 3½" Disk . . . . . . . . 80
Copying a 3½" Disk to a 5¼" Disk . . . . . . . . 82
Copying a Group of Files to
Multiple Diskettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Deleting Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Deleting with Wildcards. . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Undeleting Files with DOS 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
File Name Conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Renaming Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Part IV Hard Drive Fundamentals
Directories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Directory Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Getting to the Root Directory. . . . . . . . . . 97
Root Directory Philosophy. . . . . . . . . . . . 99
The Tree Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
Making a Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Changing Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
Displaying the Current Directory . . . . . . . .103
Creating a Text File Using COPY CON. . . . . . .103
Removing a Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Deleting Files on a Hard Drive . . . . . . . . .109
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Tips and Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Installing Software on a Hard Drive. . . . . . . . .118
Copying a Diskette to a Hard Drive . . . . . . .119
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Copying a File to Your Hard Drive. . . . . . . .123
The ASSIGN Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Copying Files From Your Hard Drive
To Floppy Disks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
Copying File by File . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
Copying Using Wildcards. . . . . . . . . . . . .127
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
Copying an Entire Directory to a Floppy Disk . .130
Copying a Directory Requiring
Multiple Target Disks. . . . . . . . . . . .131
Copying Files Between Directories. . . . . . . .134
Copying with Full Path Specifications. . . . . .134
A Much Simpler Way . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
Copying Entire Subdirectories
to Other Subdirectories and Drives . . . . .136
Copying a Directory with Subdirectories
to Another Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
How to Make Simple Batch Files . . . . . . . . . . .141
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
The PATH Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
Setting Your PATH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145
The AUTOEXEC.BAT File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146
Making a Bootable Floppy Disk. . . . . . . . . .149
Backing Up the Root Directory
of Your C Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
Modifying an Existing AUTOEXEC.BAT File. . . . .151
Making a New AUTOEXEC.BAT File . . . . . . . . .153
Removing a Menu or Shell from
the AUTOEXEC.BAT File. . . . . . . . . . . .154
How to Make a Program Start
Automatically from a Diskette. . . . . . . .154
The CONFIG.SYS File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156
Viewing a CONFIG.SYS File. . . . . . . . . . . .156
Making a New CONFIG.SYS File with COPY CON . . .157
Making a CONFIG.SYS File
with an Editor or Word Processor . . . . . .159
Modifying a CONFIG.SYS File. . . . . . . . . . .160
DOS 5 and the CONFIG.SYS File . . . . . . . . .162
Third-Party Memory Management Software . . . . .167
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168
DOSKEY--A Quick Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
DOSKEY Macro Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
THE DOSKEY COMMAND LINE EDITOR . . . . . . . . .171
Backing Up Your Hard Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
Backing Up Your Entire Hard Drive. . . . . . . .173
Restoring Your Backup. . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
Making Partial Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
How to Unzip Zipped Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
Running Programs Written in BASIC. . . . . . . . . .181
Getting Out of BASIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
Hard Drive Defragmenting . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185
Hard Drive Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
DOS Shells and Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
Part V DOS 6 Section
New DOS 6 Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
The DOS 6 HELP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192
Printing HELP Information. . . . . . . . . . . .193
Help with Other Commands . . . . . . . . . . . .194
Getting Out of Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
Defragmentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
DELTREE--The Ultimate Wipe-Out . . . . . . . . . . .197
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198
The MOVE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
The Microsoft Diagnostic Utility (MSD) . . . . . . .200
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201
Undeleting Files with DOS 6. . . . . . . . . . . . .202
Installing Delete Tracker. . . . . . . . . . . .203
Installing Delete Sentry . . . . . . . . . . . .204
DOS 6 and the AUTOEXEC.BAT File. . . . . . . . . . .205
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
The DOS 6 CONFIG.SYS File. . . . . . . . . . . . . .209
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211
The DOS 6 "Clean Boot" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213
The DOS 6 "Interactive Boot" . . . . . . . . . . . .214
MEMMAKER to Optimize Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . .215
MEMMAKER--the Express Setup. . . . . . . . . . .216
Undoing MEMMAKER's Changes . . . . . . . . . . .219
DoubleSpace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220
DoubleSpace Cautions: . . . . . . . . . . . . .220
Running DoubleSpace Express Setup. . . . . . . .222
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224
Defragmenting a DoubleSpaced Drive . . . . . . .225
Using DoubleSpace on Floppy Disks. . . . . . . .226
Compressing a Floppy Disk. . . . . . . . . .227
Mounting a Floppy Disk . . . . . . . . . . .228
Unmounting a Floppy Disk . . . . . . . . . .228
Deleting a Compressed Drive. . . . . . . . .229
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229
Formatting a Compressed Drive. . . . . . . . . .230
Removing DoubleSpace . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230
Virus Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232
Before You Use the Anti-Virus Programs . . . . .232
Using the Anti-Virus Programs. . . . . . . . . .233
VSAFE for Memory-Resident Virus Protection . . .234
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235
Backing Up with DOS 6 MSBACKUP . . . . . . . . . . .236
Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Running the MSBACKUP Compatibility Test. . . . .237
The Different Backup Types . . . . . . . . . . .240
Selecting a Backup Type. . . . . . . . . . .241
Help with Backup Options . . . . . . . . . . . .241
Performing a Full Backup . . . . . . . . . . . .243
Including or Excluding Files to Back Up. . . . .245
Saving Your Backup Setups. . . . . . . . . . . .247
Selecting Saved Backup Setup Files . . . . . . .248
Developing A Backup Strategy . . . . . . . . . .249
Backup Catalog Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250
Restoring a Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
Conserving Power on Laptops. . . . . . . . . . . . .253
Part VI Reference
Shareware Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263
Summary of Important DOS Commands. . . . . . . . . .264
Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271
The Most Common DOS Error Messages . . . . . . . . .272
Suggested Reading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275
101 Computer Acronyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277
Glossary of File Name Extensions . . . . . . . . . .281
Glossary of Computer Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . .288
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301